Python Numbers: A Comprehensive Guide with Examples
Article by: Manish Methani
Last Updated: October 7, 2021 at 8:04am IST
- Numeric Data Types in Python Python has three main numeric data types:
- Integers (int): Whole numbers, positive or negative, without a decimal point.
- Floating-point numbers (float): Numbers with a decimal point or an exponent notation.
- Complex numbers (complex): Numbers with a real and imaginary part.
Here are some examples:
# Integers x = 5 y = -10 z = 0 # Floating-point numbers a = 3.14 b = 1.23e-5 # Complex numbers c = 3 + 4j d = complex(1, -2)
2. Basic Arithmetic Operations
Python supports all basic arithmetic operations for numerical data types. Here are some examples:
x = 5 y = 3 # Addition z = x + y # Output: 8 # Subtraction z = x - y # Output: 2 # Multiplication z = x * y # Output: 15 # Division z = x / y # Output: 1.6666666666666667 # Floor Division z = x // y # Output: 1 # Modulo z = x % y # Output: 2 # Exponentiation z = x ** y # Output: 125
3. Type Conversion
Python allows you to convert numerical data types from one to another. Here's an example:
x = 5 y = 3.14 # Convert x to a floating-point number and add it to y z = float(x) + y print(z) # Output: 8.14
In this example, we convert the integer "x" to a floating-point number using the float() function and add it to the floating-point number "y".
4. Built-in Functions Python has several built-in functions for working with numbers. Here are some examples:
# Absolute value x = abs(-10) # Output: 10 # Round to a certain number of decimal places y = round(3.14159, 2) # Output: 3.14 # Maximum and minimum values z = max(1, 2, 3) # Output: 3 a = min(4, 5, 6) # Output: 4
5. Math Module
Python also has a math module that provides additional mathematical functions. Here's an example:
import math # Square root x = math.sqrt(25) # Output: 5.0 # Trigonometric functions y = math.sin(0) # Output: 0.0 z = math.cos(math.pi) # Output: -1.0
6. Floats
Floats are used to represent real numbers with decimal points. They are also known as floating-point numbers. In Python, float is represented by float class. We can create a float variable by assigning a value with a decimal point to it.
Here's an example:
# Example of float x = 3.14 y = 2.5 print(x) print(y)
Output:
3.14 2.5
We can also use mathematical operations with floats:
# Example of float with mathematical operations x = 3.14 y = 2.5 z = x + y print(z)
Output:
5.64
Complex Numbers
Complex numbers are used to represent numbers with a real and imaginary part. In Python, complex numbers are represented by complex class. We can create a complex number by specifying the real and imaginary parts separated by a + or - sign.
Here's an example:
# Example of complex number x = 2 + 3j y = 4 - 2j print(x) print(y)
Output:
(2+3j) (4-2j)
We can also use mathematical operations with complex numbers:
# Example of complex number with mathematical operations x = 2 + 3j y = 4 - 2j z = x + y print(z)
Output:
(6+1j)
Type Conversion
We can convert one type of number into another using type conversion functions. Here are some type conversion functions in Python:
int(x)converts x to an integer.float(x)converts x to a floating-point number.complex(x)converts x to a complex number with a zero imaginary part.complex(x, y)converts x and y to a complex number with real part x and imaginary part y.
Here are some examples:
# Example of type conversion x = 10 y = 3.14 z = 2 + 3j # convert x to float a = float(x) # convert y to int b = int(y) # convert z to float c = float(z) print(a) print(b) print(c)
Output:
10.0 3 (2+3j)
We have covered the basics of Python Numbers in this tutorial.
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