Index
1. Introduction to C++ 2. Datatypes in C++ 3. Variables in C++ 4. Control Statements in C++ 5. Switch Statements in C++ 6. Pointers in C++ 7. Functions in C++ 8. Call by value and Call by Reference in C++ 9. Array in C++ 10. 2d arrays in C++ 11. Classes and Objects in C++ 12. Static Functions in C++ 13. Constructor and Destructor in C++ 14. Copy Constructor in C++ 15. Friend Functions in C++ 16. Inline Functions in C++ 17. this Pointer in C++ 18. Inheritance in C++ 19. Types of Inheritance in C++ 20. Polymorphism in C++ 21. Templates in C++Introduction to C++: A Comprehensive Guide with Code Examples - 2023
C++ is a high-level, general-purpose programming language used to build a wide range of applications, including games, operating systems, and web browsers. It was developed in the 1980s as an extension of the C programming language, adding features such as classes and object-oriented programming.
This tutorial is designed to give you a solid foundation in the basics of C++ programming, including syntax, data types, control structures, and functions. Along the way, we'll also provide code examples to help illustrate each concept.
Getting Started with C++:
Before we begin, you'll need to have a C++ compiler installed on your computer. There are several popular options, including:
- Visual Studio (Windows)
- Xcode (MacOS)
- Code::Blocks (cross-platform)
Once you have a compiler installed, you can begin writing and running C++ programs.
Basic Syntax:
The syntax of C++ is similar to C, with a few key differences. For example, a C++ program must contain a main function, which is the entry point for the program. Here's a simple "Hello, World!" program in C++:
#include <iostream> int main() { std::cout << "Hello, World!"; return 0; }
In this program, we include the iostream library, which provides input and output functionality. The main function simply outputs the string "Hello, World!" to the console.
Data Types:
C++ supports several data types, including integers, floating-point numbers, and characters. Here's an example of each:
int my_int = 42; float my_float = 3.14; char my_char = 'a';
Control Structures:
C++ provides several control structures for making decisions and repeating code. Here's an example of an if statement:
if (my_int > 0) { std::cout << "The value is positive!"; } else { std::cout << "The value is zero or negative."; }
Functions:
Functions are reusable blocks of code that can be called from other parts of the program. Here's an example of a function that adds two integers:
int add(int a, int b) { return a + b; }
We can then call this function from the main function:
int result = add(2, 3); std::cout << result; // Output: 5
Conclusion:
In this tutorial, we've covered the basics of C++ programming, including syntax, data types, control structures, and functions. With this foundation, you'll be able to start building more complex programs in C++. Keep practicing and exploring the language to become a skilled C++ developer.
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